[vc_row][vc_column offset=”vc_col-md-offset-0″][vc_single_image image=”1497″ img_size=”full” add_caption=”yes” alignment=”center”][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row css=”.vc_custom_1475617703851{padding-bottom: 0px !important;}”][vc_column css=”.vc_custom_1475617756939{margin-bottom: 0px !important;padding-bottom: 0px !important;}”][vc_column_text css=”.vc_custom_1482166279529{padding-bottom: 0px !important;}”]Denn\u00ed a no\u010dn\u00ed mot\u00fdli pat\u0159\u00ed k nejl\u00e9pe prozkouman\u00fdm skupin\u00e1ch organism\u016fm, proto jsou obl\u00edben\u00fdmi modelov\u00fdmi skupinami v ekologick\u00e9m v\u00fdzkumu i v racion\u00e1ln\u00ed ochran\u011b p\u0159\u00edrody. Na\u0161e znalosti o africk\u00fdch druz\u00edch mot\u00fdl\u016f jsou v\u0161ak pom\u011brn\u011b chud\u00e9, \u010dasto nen\u00ed uspokojiv\u011b zn\u00e1ma ani jejich m\u00edstn\u00ed diverzita, co\u017e v\u00fdrazn\u011b omezuje na\u0161e porozum\u011bn\u00ed lok\u00e1ln\u00edm\u00a0spole\u010denstv\u016fm i cel\u00fdm ekosyst\u00e9m\u016fm. Mnoh\u00e9 ekologick\u00e9 fenom\u00e9ny, dob\u0159e zn\u00e1m\u00e9 z jin\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed sv\u011bta, rovn\u011b\u017e nebyly v tropick\u00e9 Africe uspokojiv\u011b studov\u00e1ny.\u00a0Takov\u00e9 mezery ve znalostech se ji\u017e od roku 2007 sna\u017e\u00edme zaplnit intenzivn\u00edm studiem afrotropick\u00fdch mot\u00fdl\u016f v r\u016fzn\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1stech kontinentu.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n
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Sou\u010dasn\u00e9 rozm\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed biodiverzity, sv\u011btov\u00e9 i lok\u00e1ln\u00ed, je v\u00fdsledkem slo\u017eit\u00fdch kombinac\u00ed \u0159ady historick\u00fdch, evolu\u010dn\u00edch a ekologick\u00fdch faktor\u016f. Porozum\u011bn\u00ed\u00a0zm\u011bn\u00e1m diverzity pod\u00e9l environment\u00e1ln\u00edch gradient\u016f (\u010dili se zm\u011bnou podm\u00ednek prost\u0159ed\u00ed) je kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 pro pochopen\u00ed jej\u00edch glob\u00e1ln\u00edch patrnost\u00ed i historie. Tyto znalosti jsou d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 zejm\u00e9na v tropick\u00fdch oblastech, kde se vyskytuje p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u00e1 v\u011bt\u0161ina sou\u010dasn\u00fdch druh\u016f. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b pr\u00e1v\u011b z trop\u016f n\u00e1m z r\u016fzn\u00fdch d\u016fvod\u016f chyb\u00ed dostate\u010dn\u00e1 data i p\u0159\u00edpadov\u00e9 studie, nejh\u016f\u0159e je na tom pr\u00e1v\u011b tropick\u00e1 Afrika. Pr\u00e1v\u011b proto studujeme zm\u011bny diverzity pod\u00e9l dvou v\u00fdrazn\u00fdch environment\u00e1ln\u00edch gradient\u016f v tropick\u00e9 Africe: gradient nadmo\u0159sk\u00e9 v\u00fd\u0161ky Kamerunsk\u00e9 hory a gradient produktivity prost\u0159ed\u00ed v ji\u017en\u00ed Africe.<\/p>\n
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Kamerunsk\u00e1 hora (Mount Cameroon) je se sv\u00fdmi 4095 m n.m. nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed horou st\u0159edn\u00ed a z\u00e1padn\u00ed Afriky. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 nab\u00edz\u00ed jedin\u00fd kompletn\u00ed v\u00fd\u0161kov\u00fd gradient tropick\u00e9ho lesa od mo\u0159sk\u00e9ho pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed po horn\u00ed hranici lesa (~2200 m n.m.) na cel\u00e9m kontinentu. Od roku 2014 tu studujeme m\u00edstn\u00ed spole\u010denstva mot\u00fdl\u016f ve vztahu k nadmo\u0159sk\u00e9 v\u00fd\u0161ce. Pomoc\u00ed pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edho po\u010dtu exponovan\u00fdch past\u00ed v\u016fbec standardizovan\u011b sb\u00edr\u00e1me data o frugivorn\u00edch denn\u00edch a no\u010dn\u00edch mot\u00fdlech v podrostu i lesn\u00edch korun\u00e1ch. K tomu je\u0161t\u011b standardizovan\u011b chyt\u00e1me no\u010dn\u00ed mot\u00fdly p\u0159il\u00e1kan\u00e9 na sv\u011btlo. D\u00edky \u00fazk\u00e9 spolupr\u00e1ci s n\u011bkolika mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edmi odborn\u00edky se m\u016f\u017eeme zam\u011b\u0159it na \u0161irok\u00e9 spektrum skupin (tj. Rhopalocera, Geometroidea, Lasiocampoidea, Cossoidea, Bombycoidea\u00a0a podstatnou \u010d\u00e1st Noctuoidea). Oba typy sb\u011bru dat praktikujeme v r\u016fzn\u00fdch ro\u010dn\u00edch obdob\u00edch, abychom odhalili, jak jsou zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9 patrnosti ovlivn\u011bny sezonalitou tropick\u00e9ho lesa. Proto\u017ee n\u00e1\u0161 v\u00fdzkum prob\u00edh\u00e1 na ploch\u00e1ch d\u0159\u00edve zalo\u017een\u00fdch na\u0161imi kolegy (zejm\u00e9na Dr. Davidem Ho\u0159\u00e1kem a Dr. Ond\u0159ejem Sedl\u00e1\u010dkem), p\u0159isp\u00edv\u00e1 n\u00e1\u0161 v\u00fdzkum p\u0159id\u00e1n\u00edm po\u010detn\u00e9 skupiny hmyzu k ji\u017e b\u011b\u017e\u00edc\u00edm projekt\u016fm o pt\u00e1c\u00edch a rostlin\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n
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Ned\u00e1vno (od listopadu 2016) jsme za\u010dali standardizovan\u011b sb\u00edrat no\u010dn\u00ed mot\u00fdly pomoc\u00ed\u00a0p\u0159enosn\u00fdch sv\u011bteln\u00fdch lapa\u010d\u016f pod\u00e9l gradientu produktivity prost\u0159ed\u00ed od Namibsk\u00e9 pou\u0161t\u011b po \u00fadol\u00ed \u0159eky Zambezi. Vztah mezi produktivitou a biodiverzitou le\u017e\u00ed v z\u00e1jmu ekolog\u016f ji\u017e dlouho, nezn\u00e1me v\u0161ak t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 kvantitativn\u00ed studie, zejm\u00e9na hmyzu, pod\u00e9l gradient\u016f nez\u00e1visl\u00fdch na zem\u011bpisn\u00e9 \u0161\u00ed\u0159ce. Op\u011bt velmi \u00fazce spolupracujeme s ornitology (projekt vede Dr. David Storch), tak\u017ee na\u0161e data budou p\u0159\u00edmo srovnateln\u00e1 s t\u011bmi ornitologick\u00fdmi.<\/p>\n
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Denn\u00ed a no\u010dn\u00ed mot\u00fdli jsou obl\u00edbenou modelovou skupinou vhodnou pro porozum\u011bn\u00ed ekologie a pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed udr\u017eiteln\u00e9 ochrany tropick\u00e9ho lesa. O afrotropick\u00fdch mot\u00fdlech toho v\u0161ak p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 nev\u00edme. Proto se zam\u011b\u0159ujeme i na pozn\u00e1n\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00fdch aspekt\u016f jejich ekologie, zejm\u00e9na s potenci\u00e1ln\u00edm vyu\u017eit\u00edm k jejich ochran\u011b.<\/p>\n
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N\u00e1\u0161 v\u00fdzkum stanovi\u0161\u0165 africk\u00fdch mot\u00fdl\u016f za\u010dal ji\u017e v roce 2007 v Bamendsk\u00fdch hor\u00e1ch (Bamenda Highlands) v z\u00e1padn\u00edm Kamerunu. Uk\u00e1zali jsme, \u017ee n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed endemi\u010dt\u00ed denn\u00ed mot\u00fdli jsou specializovan\u00ed na otev\u0159en\u00e1 stanovi\u0161t\u011b v\u010detn\u011b tr\u00e1vn\u00edk\u016f. To dokazuje, \u017ee pro ochranu m\u00edstn\u00ed biodiverzity je v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 i v\u0161eobecn\u011b p\u0159ehl\u00ed\u017een\u00e9 bezles\u00ed, zejm\u00e9na v mozaice s ub\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00edm africk\u00fdm horsk\u00fdm lesem. Ned\u00e1vno jsme se ve stejn\u00e9 oblasti za\u010dali zam\u011b\u0159ovat i na no\u010dn\u00ed mot\u00fdly, studujeme reakci jejich spole\u010denstev na fragmentaci horsk\u00e9ho lesa. V souvislosti s ochranou africk\u00e9ho horsk\u00e9ho lesa jsme shrom\u00e1\u017edili v\u0161echna zn\u00e1m\u00e1 data o roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed hork\u00fdch druh\u016f denn\u00edch mot\u00fdl\u016f nap\u0159\u00ed\u010d poho\u0159\u00edmi Guinejsk\u00e9ho z\u00e1livu. Velkou \u010d\u00e1st tvo\u0159\u00ed na\u0161e ter\u00e9nn\u00ed dat z expedic podpo\u0159en\u00fdch National Geographic Society, shrom\u00e1\u017edily jsme v\u0161ak data i z muze\u00ed a ze sb\u011br\u016f mnoh\u00fdch koleg\u016f. Tato data v sou\u010dasnosti analyzujeme s c\u00edlem stanovit ochran\u00e1\u0159skou hodnotu jednotliv\u00fdch oblast\u00ed a vybrat ty nejcenn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed z hlediska ochrany biodiverzity.<\/p>\n
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Narozd\u00edl od na\u0161eho ostatn\u00edho v\u00fdzkumu biodiverzity horsk\u00fdch oblast\u00ed n\u00e1m Kamerunsk\u00e1 hora nab\u00edz\u00ed rozs\u00e1hl\u00e1 \u00fazem\u00ed tropick\u00e9ho lesa jen m\u00e1lo ovlivn\u011bn\u00e9ho lidskou \u010dinnost\u00ed. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 n\u00e1m umo\u017e\u0148uje roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed v\u00fdzkumu do n\u00ed\u017einn\u00fdch oblast\u00ed p\u0159i \u00fapat\u00ed hory. Intenzivn\u00ed v\u00fdzkum pomoc\u00ed past\u00ed s n\u00e1vnadou n\u00e1m nab\u00edz\u00ed pom\u011brn\u011b detailn\u00ed vhled do stanovi\u0161tn\u00edch n\u00e1rok\u016f \u0159ady druh\u016f mot\u00fdl\u016f. Souhrnn\u00e9\u00a0v\u00fdsledky n\u00e1m pak umo\u017en\u00ed odhalit vliv struktury tropick\u00e9ho lesa na cel\u00e1 mot\u00fdl\u00ed spole\u010denstva. Kamerunsk\u00e1 hora n\u00e1m z\u00e1rove\u0148 nab\u00edz\u00ed jedine\u010dnou mo\u017enost studovat, jak je diverzita mot\u00fdl\u016f tropick\u00e9ho lesa ovliv\u0148ov\u00e1na p\u0159irozen\u00fdmi disturbancemi, m\u00edstn\u00ed prales je toti\u017e pom\u011brn\u011b siln\u011b naru\u0161ov\u00e1n nevelkou populac\u00ed slon\u016f. Od naru\u0161ovan\u00fdch ploch jsou pouh\u00fdm proudem star\u00e9 l\u00e1vy, kterou sloni nep\u0159ekra\u010duj\u00ed, odd\u011bleny plochy dlouhodob\u011b nedot\u010den\u00e9. Pr\u00e1v\u011b za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1me nov\u00fd projekt p\u0159\u00edmo srovn\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed spole\u010denstva denn\u00edch i no\u010dn\u00edch mot\u00fdl\u016f ob\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed tyto lesn\u00ed plochy s rozd\u00edln\u00fdm re\u017eimem disturbanc\u00ed. Na\u0161e v\u00fdsledky naleznou uplatn\u011bn\u00ed v ochran\u011b a obnov\u011b biodiverzity tropick\u00e9ho lesa.<\/p>\n
[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]Abychom l\u00e9pe pochopili roli mot\u00fdl\u016f v ekosyst\u00e9mech,\u00a0intenzivn\u011b se v\u011bnujeme jejich v\u00fdznamu pro opylov\u00e1n\u00ed kvetouc\u00edch rostlin. V\u00edce informac\u00ed o na\u0161em polina\u010dn\u00edm v\u00fdzkumu, v\u010detn\u011b vyu\u017eit\u00ed mot\u00fdl\u016f coby modelov\u00e9 skupiny, naleznete zde.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n
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Materi\u00e1l, kter\u00fd jsme b\u011bhem na\u0161eho dlouhodob\u00e9ho v\u00fdzkumu nasb\u00edrali, zahrnuje pom\u011brn\u011b \u0161irok\u00e9 spektrum mot\u00fdl\u00edch taxon\u016f. Mnoho z nich nebylo nikdy v takov\u00e9m rozsahu sb\u00edr\u00e1no, n\u00e1\u0161 v\u00fdzkumtak p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed cenn\u00e9 taxonomick\u00e9 informace. Nav\u00edc m\u00e1me i bohat\u00e1 genetick\u00e1 data o \u0159ad\u011b vz\u00e1cn\u00fdch horsk\u00fdch druz\u00edch, tato data jsou vyu\u017eiteln\u00e1 pro fylogenetick\u00e9 i popula\u010dn\u011b genetick\u00e9 studie (hled\u00e1me studenty!<\/strong>).<\/p>\n [\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column width=”1\/2″][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n N\u00e1\u0161 v\u00fdzkum ji\u017e p\u0159inesl cenn\u00e9 informace o roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed mnoh\u00fdch druh\u016f, objevili jsme i mno\u017estv\u00ed druh\u016f dosud zcela nezn\u00e1m\u00fdch. N\u00e1mi nasb\u00edran\u00ed jedinci ji\u017e poslou\u017eili k popisu dvou druh\u016f denn\u00edch mot\u00fdl\u016f a jednoho rodu drvoplen\u011b z Kamerunsk\u00e9 hory a jednoho poddruhu mot\u00fdla z Lib\u00e9rie, popisy n\u011bkolika dal\u0161\u00edch druh\u016f jsou ji\u017e p\u0159ipravov\u00e1ny. V\u011bt\u0161ina n\u00e1mi nasb\u00edran\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu je ulo\u017eena ve ve\u0159ejn\u00fdch sb\u00edrk\u00e1ch Zoologick\u00e9ho muzea Jagelonsk\u00e9 univerzity v Krakov\u011b a v Bavorsk\u00e9 st\u00e1tn\u00ed zoologick\u00e9 sb\u00edrce v Mnichov\u011b.<\/p>\n [\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”1\/2″ css=”.vc_custom_1482163123208{padding-top: 5px !important;}”][vc_single_image image=”1496″ img_size=”300×170″ add_caption=”yes” alignment=”center”][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n Abychom l\u00e9pe pochopili roli mot\u00fdl\u016f v ekosyst\u00e9mech,\u00a0intenzivn\u011b se v\u011bnujeme jejich v\u00fdznamu pro opylov\u00e1n\u00ed kvetouc\u00edch rostlin. V\u00edce informac\u00ed o na\u0161em polina\u010dn\u00edm v\u00fdzkumu, v\u010detn\u011b vyu\u017eit\u00ed mot\u00fdl\u016f coby modelov\u00e9 skupiny, naleznete zde.<\/em><\/p>\n [\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" [vc_row][vc_column offset=”vc_col-md-offset-0″][vc_single_image image=”1497″ img_size=”full” add_caption=”yes” alignment=”center”][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row css=”.vc_custom_1475617703851{padding-bottom: 0px !important;}”][vc_column css=”.vc_custom_1475617756939{margin-bottom: 0px !important;padding-bottom: 0px !important;}”][vc_column_text css=”.vc_custom_1482166279529{padding-bottom: 0px !important;}”]Denn\u00ed a no\u010dn\u00ed mot\u00fdli pat\u0159\u00ed k nejl\u00e9pe prozkouman\u00fdm skupin\u00e1ch organism\u016fm, proto jsou obl\u00edben\u00fdmi modelov\u00fdmi skupinami v ekologick\u00e9m v\u00fdzkumu i v racion\u00e1ln\u00ed ochran\u011b p\u0159\u00edrody. Na\u0161e… <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":570,"parent":26,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.insect-communities.cz\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/13"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.insect-communities.cz\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.insect-communities.cz\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.insect-communities.cz\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.insect-communities.cz\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13"}],"version-history":[{"count":59,"href":"https:\/\/www.insect-communities.cz\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/13\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1537,"href":"https:\/\/www.insect-communities.cz\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/13\/revisions\/1537"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.insect-communities.cz\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/26"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.insect-communities.cz\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/570"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.insect-communities.cz\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}